{"id":1209,"date":"2023-05-11T12:46:34","date_gmt":"2023-05-11T09:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/?p=1209"},"modified":"2024-08-26T14:21:27","modified_gmt":"2024-08-26T11:21:27","slug":"refluxul-gastroesofagian-simptome-cauze-tratament","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/refluxul-gastroesofagian-simptome-cauze-tratament\/","title":{"rendered":"Refluxul gastroesofagian – simptome, cauze, tratament"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Refluxul gastroesofagian (GERD)<\/strong> este o afec\u021biune digestiv\u0103 comun\u0103 \u00een care acidul din stomac se \u00eentoarce \u00een esofag, provoc\u00e2nd arsuri la stomac \u0219i alte simptome nepl\u0103cute. Aceasta apare atunci c\u00e2nd sfincterul esofagian inferior (LES), o band\u0103 de mu\u0219chi la cap\u0103tul inferior al esofagului, nu se \u00eenchide complet sau se deschide prea des, permi\u021b\u00e2nd acidului stomacal s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 \u00een esofag.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cauze<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sl\u0103birea sfincterului esofagian inferior (LES)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sfincterul esofagian interior (sau LES<\/b>) este responsabil pentru men\u021binerea acidului \u00een stomac. Dac\u0103 acest mu\u0219chi este sl\u0103bit sau relaxat anormal, acidul gastric poate urca \u00een esofag, provoc\u00e2nd refluxul acid.d<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Consumul de alimente declan\u0219atoare<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Anumite alimente \u0219i b\u0103uturi pot sl\u0103bi LES sau pot stimula producerea excesiv\u0103 de acid gastric. Printre acestea se num\u0103r\u0103:<\/p>

  • Alimentele grase sau pr\u0103jite<\/li>
  • Ciocolata<\/li>
  • Cofeina<\/li>
  • B\u0103uturile carbogazoase<\/li>
  • Citricele \u0219i sucurile din citrice<\/li>
  • Alcoolul<\/li>
  • Menta \u0219i menta piperat\u0103<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Obezitatea<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Obezitatea este unul dintre factorii majori care contribuie la dezvoltarea refluxului gastroesofagian (GERD). Excesul de greutate, \u00een special gr\u0103simea acumulat\u0103 \u00een zona abdominal\u0103, poate cre\u0219te presiunea intra-abdominal\u0103. Aceast\u0103 presiune suplimentar\u0103 poate for\u021ba con\u021binutul stomacului, inclusiv acidul gastric, s\u0103 urce \u00een esofag. Cu c\u00e2t este mai mare presiunea exercitat\u0103 asupra stomacului, cu at\u00e2t este mai probabil ca sfincterul esofagian inferior (LES) s\u0103 cedeze, permi\u021b\u00e2nd acidului s\u0103 urce \u00een esofag.<\/p>

    Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 presiunea fizic\u0103, obezitatea poate fi asociat\u0103 \u0219i cu un stil de via\u021b\u0103 care include consumul de alimente bogate \u00een gr\u0103simi, dulciuri \u0219i b\u0103uturi carbogazoase, toate acestea fiind factori de risc suplimentari pentru GERD. Sc\u0103derea \u00een greutate este adesea recomandat\u0103 ca parte a planului de tratament pentru a reduce simptomele \u0219i a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi calitatea vie\u021bii pacien\u021bilor cu reflux acid.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Sarcina<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Sarcina este un alt factor comun care poate duce la apari\u021bia refluxului gastroesofagian, \u0219i asta din dou\u0103 motive principale: modific\u0103rile hormonale \u0219i presiunea fizic\u0103 asupra stomacului.<\/p>

    \u00cen timpul sarcinii, nivelurile crescute de progesteron determin\u0103 relaxarea multor mu\u0219chi din corp, inclusiv sfincterul esofagian inferior (LES). Aceast\u0103 relaxare permite acidului gastric s\u0103 urce mai u\u0219or \u00een esofag, provoc\u00e2nd arsuri la stomac \u0219i alte simptome de reflux acid.<\/p>

    Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce sarcina avanseaz\u0103, uterul \u00een cre\u0219tere exercit\u0103 o presiune tot mai mare asupra stomacului, contribuind la refluxul acid. De asemenea, stomacul este comprimat, ceea ce reduce capacitatea sa \u0219i cre\u0219te riscul de reflux acid, mai ales dup\u0103 mese.<\/p>

    Multe femei \u00eens\u0103rcinate experimenteaz\u0103 simptome de reflux gastroesofagian, mai ales \u00een trimestrul al treilea. De obicei, simptomele se diminueaz\u0103 dup\u0103 na\u0219tere, c\u00e2nd presiunea asupra stomacului scade, iar nivelurile hormonale revin la normal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Fumatul<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Fumatul are un impact negativ semnificativ asupra func\u021biei gastroesofagiene \u0219i este un factor de risc bine documentat pentru refluxul acid. Nicotina din \u021big\u0103ri relaxeaz\u0103 sfincterul esofagian inferior (LES), sl\u0103bind astfel bariera dintre stomac \u0219i esofag. Aceasta permite acidului gastric s\u0103 urce \u00een esofag mai u\u0219or, ceea ce poate provoca arsuri la stomac \u0219i alte simptome de GERD.<\/p>

    \u00cen plus, fumatul stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia de acid gastric \u0219i reduce produc\u021bia de bicarbonat de sodiu, care este esen\u021bial pentru neutralizarea acidului. De asemenea, fumatul afecteaz\u0103 saliva\u021bia, iar saliva joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een protejarea esofagului \u00eempotriva acidului prin neutralizarea acestuia \u0219i sp\u0103larea con\u021binutului gastric din esofag.<\/p>

    Renun\u021barea la fumat este unul dintre cele mai eficiente moduri de a reduce simptomele de reflux acid \u0219i de a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi s\u0103n\u0103tatea gastroesofagian\u0103 pe termen lung.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Hernia Hiatal\u0103<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Hernia hiatal\u0103 este o afec\u021biune \u00een care o parte a stomacului \u00eempinge prin diafragm\u0103 \u00een cavitatea toracic\u0103, afect\u00e2nd astfel func\u021bionarea normal\u0103 a sfincterului esofagian inferior (LES). Diafragma este un mu\u0219chi mare care separ\u0103 cavitatea toracic\u0103 de cea abdominal\u0103, iar LES ar trebui s\u0103 fie localizat chiar sub diafragm\u0103.<\/p>

    C\u00e2nd o parte a stomacului trece prin diafragm\u0103, LES este deplasat din pozi\u021bia sa normal\u0103, ceea ce face ca bariera natural\u0103 \u00eempotriva refluxului acid s\u0103 devin\u0103 mai pu\u021bin eficient\u0103. Ca rezultat, acidul gastric poate urca mai u\u0219or \u00een esofag, provoc\u00e2nd simptomele caracteristice ale GERD, cum ar fi arsurile la stomac, regurgitarea \u0219i durerea \u00een piept.<\/p>

    Hernia hiatal\u0103 este mai frecvent\u0103 la persoanele \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i la cele care sufer\u0103 de obezitate. Tratamentul poate include modific\u0103ri ale stilului de via\u021b\u0103, medicamente sau, \u00een cazuri severe, interven\u021bie chirurgical\u0103 pentru repararea herniei \u0219i restabilirea func\u021biei normale a LES.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Simptopme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    • Arsurile la Stomac (Pirozis):<\/strong> Arsurile la stomac sunt cel mai frecvent simptom al GERD \u0219i se manifest\u0103 printr-o senza\u021bie de arsur\u0103 sau durere \u00een piept, care apare de obicei dup\u0103 mese \u0219i se poate agrava atunci c\u00e2nd te apleci sau te \u00eentinzi.<\/p><\/li>

    • Regurgitarea:<\/strong> Regurgitarea acidului sau alimentelor din stomac \u00een gur\u0103 sau esofag este un alt simptom comun. Poate l\u0103sa un gust amar sau acru \u00een gur\u0103.<\/p><\/li>

    • Dificult\u0103\u021bi la \u00cenghi\u021bire (Disfagie):<\/strong> GERD poate cauza inflama\u021bia esofagului, ceea ce duce la dificult\u0103\u021bi la \u00eenghi\u021bire.<\/p><\/li>

    • Tuse Uscat\u0103 sau Sfor\u0103it:<\/strong> Refluxul acid poate irita g\u00e2tul, provoc\u00e2nd tuse sau sfor\u0103it cronic.<\/p><\/li>

    • Durere \u00een Piept:<\/strong> Durerea din GERD poate fi similar\u0103 cu cea a unui atac de cord \u0219i poate fi \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de senza\u021bie de presiune sau str\u00e2ngere \u00een piept.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Tratament<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Modific\u0103ri ale stilului de via\u021b\u0103<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      • Diet\u0103:<\/strong> Evitarea alimentelor care declan\u0219eaz\u0103 simptomele este crucial\u0103. Consum\u0103 mese mici \u0219i regulate \u0219i evit\u0103 s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nci cu 2-3 ore \u00eenainte de culcare.<\/li>
      • Sc\u0103dere \u00een Greutate:<\/strong> Dac\u0103 e\u0219ti supraponderal, pierderea \u00een greutate poate reduce semnificativ simptomele GERD.<\/li>
      • Ridicarea Capului \u00een Timpul Somnului:<\/strong> Dormitul cu capul ridicat poate ajuta la prevenirea refluxului acid pe timpul nop\u021bii.<\/li>
      • Renun\u021barea la Fumat:<\/strong> Fumatul agraveaz\u0103 simptomele GERD \u0219i sl\u0103be\u0219te LES, a\u0219a c\u0103 renun\u021barea este esen\u021bial\u0103.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        Medicamenta\u021bie<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        • Antiacide:<\/strong> Acestea neutralizeaz\u0103 acidul gastric \u0219i ofer\u0103 u\u0219urare rapid\u0103. Exemple includ medicamente pe baz\u0103 de hidroxid de magneziu, hidroxid de aluminiu sau carbonat de calciu.<\/li>
        • Blocante H2:<\/strong> Aceste medicamente reduc produc\u021bia de acid gastric. Exemplele includ ranitidina \u0219i famotidina.<\/li>
        • Inhibitori ai Pompei de Proton (IPP):<\/strong> Acestea sunt mai eficiente dec\u00e2t blocantele H2 \u0219i reduc produc\u021bia de acid gastric pentru perioade mai lungi. Exemple includ omeprazolul \u0219i esomeprazolul.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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          Interven\u021bie chirurgical\u0103<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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          \u00cen cazurile severe sau atunci c\u00e2nd medicamentele nu sunt eficiente, poate fi necesar\u0103 o interven\u021bie chirurgical\u0103. Fundoplicatura Nissen<\/strong> este cea mai comun\u0103 procedur\u0103 \u0219i implic\u0103 \u00eenf\u0103\u0219urarea unei p\u0103r\u021bi a stomacului \u00een jurul LES pentru a \u00eent\u0103ri sfincterul \u0219i a preveni refluxul acid.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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          Preven\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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          Pentru a preveni apari\u021bia refluxului gastroesofagian, este important s\u0103 adop\u021bi un stil de via\u021b\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tos \u0219i s\u0103 evi\u021bi factorii declan\u0219atori cunoscu\u021bi. Aceasta include men\u021binerea unei greut\u0103\u021bi corporale s\u0103n\u0103toase, evitarea alimentelor \u0219i b\u0103uturilor care cauzeaz\u0103 simptome, precum \u0219i gestionarea stresului, care poate contribui la agravarea GERD.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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          Concluzie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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          Refluxul gastroesofagian este o afec\u021biune comun\u0103 care poate afecta semnificativ calitatea vie\u021bii. Cu toate acestea, prin identificarea \u0219i gestionarea cauzelor \u0219i simptomelor, majoritatea persoanelor pot controla eficient aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune. Modific\u0103rile stilului de via\u021b\u0103, medica\u021bia \u0219i, \u00een cazuri rare, interven\u021bia chirurgical\u0103, pot oferi ameliorare \u0219i pot preveni complica\u021biile pe termen lung.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Refluxul gastroesofagian (GERD) este o afec\u021biune digestiv\u0103 comun\u0103 \u00een care acidul din stomac se \u00eentoarce \u00een esofag, provoc\u00e2nd arsuri la stomac \u0219i alte simptome nepl\u0103cute. Aceasta apare atunci c\u00e2nd sfincterul esofagian inferior (LES), o band\u0103 de mu\u0219chi la cap\u0103tul inferior al esofagului, nu se \u00eenchide complet sau se deschide prea des, permi\u021b\u00e2nd acidului stomacal s\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3818,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[96,95],"class_list":["post-1209","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gastroenterologie","tag-reflux-gastroesofagian","tag-sanatate-digestiva"],"yoast_head":"\nRefluxul gastroesofagian - simptome, cauze, tratament<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Afl\u0103 totul despre refluxul gastroesofagian, de la cauze la tratamentele rapide sau alimentele recomandate pentru ameliorarea simptomelor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/refluxul-gastroesofagian-simptome-cauze-tratament\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Refluxul gastroesofagian - 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