{"id":6669,"date":"2026-11-11T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/?p=6669"},"modified":"2026-11-05T11:30:27","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T09:30:27","slug":"test-papanicolau-pregatire-rezultat-cat-de-des","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/test-papanicolau-pregatire-rezultat-cat-de-des\/","title":{"rendered":"Test Papanicolau: preg\u0103tire, rezultat \u0219i c\u00e2t de des \u00eel faci"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6669\" class=\"elementor elementor-6669\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce512d1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ce512d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b5fe9ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b5fe9ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-group ringdoc-article is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Multe femei am\u00e2n\u0103 controlul ginecologic pentru c\u0103 \u201enu le doare nimic\u201d. Tocmai atunci \u00eens\u0103 un test Papanicolau este cel mai util: poate descoperi modific\u0103ri ale celulelor colului uterin cu ani \u00eenainte s\u0103 devin\u0103 periculoase \u0219i s\u0103 apar\u0103 vreun simptom. Metoda poart\u0103 numele medicilor Aurel Babe\u0219 \u0219i George Papanicolau, care au descris-o \u00een anii 1920. Iat\u0103 ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre preg\u0103tire, rezultat, leg\u0103tura cu HPV \u0219i frecven\u021ba test\u0103rii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce este testul Papanicolau \u0219i de ce conteaz\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colul uterin este partea de jos a uterului, care face leg\u0103tura cu vaginul. Cancerul cervical nu apare peste noapte: de obicei se dezvolt\u0103 lent, \u00een decurs de mai mul\u021bi ani, \u0219i trece prin etapa de <strong>leziuni precanceroase<\/strong>. Acestea sunt zone cu celule anormale, care nu sunt \u00eenc\u0103 cancer, dar care pot evolua spre el.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un test Babe\u0219-Papanicolau const\u0103 \u00een recoltarea c\u00e2torva celule de pe suprafa\u021ba colului, care sunt apoi analizate la microscop. Dac\u0103 se g\u0103sesc modific\u0103ri, ele pot fi urm\u0103rite sau tratate, de obicei prin \u00eendep\u0103rtarea zonei afectate, \u00eenainte s\u0103 se transforme \u00een cancer de col. Testul st\u0103 la baza programelor de screening cervical, adic\u0103 testarea periodic\u0103 a femeilor s\u0103n\u0103toase, f\u0103r\u0103 simptome. Nu depisteaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 cancerul ovarian \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te testele pentru infec\u021biile cu transmitere sexual\u0103, iar un rezultat normal nu exclude complet o problem\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum te preg\u0103te\u0219ti pentru testul Babe\u0219-Papanicolau<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Preg\u0103tirea e simpl\u0103, dar conteaz\u0103: o prob\u0103 amestecat\u0103 cu s\u00e2nge, mucus sau resturi de creme poate fi greu de citit, iar testul trebuie atunci repetat.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Alege momentul potrivit din ciclu.<\/strong> Programeaz\u0103 testul \u00een afara menstrua\u021biei, ideal la c\u00e2teva zile dup\u0103 ce s-a \u00eencheiat.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Evit\u0103 contactul sexual<\/strong> cu una-dou\u0103 zile \u00eenainte.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Nu folosi du\u0219uri vaginale, tampoane, spermicide, creme sau ovule vaginale<\/strong> \u00een cele 48 de ore dinaintea testului; dac\u0103 urmezi un tratament local, \u00eentreab\u0103 medicul c\u00e2nd s\u0103 faci testul.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Spune-i medicului<\/strong> dac\u0103 e\u0219ti \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103, dac\u0103 ai o infec\u021bie vaginal\u0103 sau dac\u0103 ai avut rezultate anormale \u00een trecut. Uneori, infec\u021bia se trateaz\u0103 \u00eenainte de test.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum decurge recoltarea<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recoltarea dureaz\u0103 c\u00e2teva minute \u0219i se face \u00een timpul consultului ginecologic. Medicul introduce un specul, un instrument care dep\u0103rteaz\u0103 u\u0219or pere\u021bii vaginului pentru a vedea colul, apoi colecteaz\u0103 celule cu o periu\u021b\u0103 fin\u0103. Majoritatea femeilor simt doar o presiune sau un disconfort de scurt\u0103 durat\u0103; dup\u0103 test poate ap\u0103rea o s\u00e2ngerare foarte discret\u0103, care trece singur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Proba este \u00eentins\u0103 pe o lam\u0103 de sticl\u0103 sau pus\u0103 \u00eentr-un lichid special (citologie \u00een mediu lichid). Din proba \u00een lichid se poate face, la nevoie, \u0219i testarea HPV.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce arat\u0103 rezultatul unui test Papanicolau<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Majoritatea laboratoarelor folosesc clasificarea interna\u021bional\u0103 Bethesda. Iat\u0103 ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 termenii cei mai frecven\u021bi:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Rezultat pe buletin<\/th>\n<th>Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103<\/th>\n<th>Ce urmeaz\u0103, de obicei<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Negativ (NILM)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Nu s-au g\u0103sit leziuni sau celule maligne<\/td>\n<td>Urm\u0103torul test, la intervalul recomandat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>ASC-US<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Celule u\u0219or modificate, cu semnifica\u021bie neclar\u0103; adesea cauzate de o inflama\u021bie sau de HPV<\/td>\n<td>Test HPV sau repetarea testului<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>LSIL<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Leziune de grad sc\u0103zut, de obicei legat\u0103 de HPV; deseori dispare singur\u0103<\/td>\n<td>Test HPV, colposcopie sau monitorizare<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>ASC-H<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Celule modificate; nu se poate exclude o leziune de grad \u00eenalt<\/td>\n<td>Colposcopie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>HSIL<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Leziune precanceroas\u0103 de grad \u00eenalt<\/td>\n<td>Colposcopie, biopsie \u0219i tratament, dac\u0103 se confirm\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>AGC<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Celule glandulare atipice (din canalul colului sau din uter)<\/td>\n<td>Colposcopie \u0219i biopsii, f\u0103r\u0103 am\u00e2nare<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nesatisf\u0103c\u0103tor<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Proba nu a putut fi evaluat\u0103 corect<\/td>\n<td>Repetarea testului<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colposcopia este examinarea colului cu un aparat cu lentile care m\u0103resc imaginea, iar biopsia \u00eenseamn\u0103 prelevarea unui fragment mic de \u021besut pentru analiz\u0103. Buletinul poate men\u021biona \u0219i inflama\u021bii, infec\u021bii (de exemplu, cu ciuperci) sau modific\u0103ri atrofice, adic\u0103 sub\u021bierea mucoasei, frecvent\u0103 dup\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/menopauza-explicata-schimbari-in-corp-si-simptome-frecvente\/\">menopauz\u0103<\/a>, c\u00e2nd scade nivelul de estrogen.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unele buletine din Rom\u00e2nia folosesc \u00eenc\u0103 vechile clase I\u2013V: clasa I \u00eenseamn\u0103 rezultat normal, clasa a II-a indic\u0103 de obicei o inflama\u021bie, iar clasele III\u2013V cer investiga\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important: <strong>de cele mai multe ori, un rezultat anormal nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 cancer<\/strong>. Majoritatea modific\u0103rilor sunt minore \u0219i dispar f\u0103r\u0103 tratament, dar trebuie urm\u0103rite. Dac\u0103 nu \u00een\u021belegi termenii de pe buletin, un medic ginecolog \u00ee\u021bi poate explica rezultatul \u0219i pa\u0219ii indica\u021bi \u00een cazul t\u0103u, \u00eentr-o consulta\u021bie video pe <a href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/app\">Ringdoc<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce leg\u0103tur\u0103 are testul cu virusul HPV<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aproape toate cazurile de cancer cervical sunt cauzate de o infec\u021bie persistent\u0103 cu virusul HPV (papilomavirus uman). Este un virus foarte r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit, care se transmite prin contact sexual, inclusiv prin contactul intim piele pe piele. Majoritatea persoanelor active sexual se infecteaz\u0103 la un moment dat, de obicei f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 afle.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cele mai multe cazuri, <a href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/cum-functioneaza-sistemul-imunitar\/\">sistemul imunitar<\/a> elimin\u0103 singur virusul \u00een unul-doi ani. Problema apare c\u00e2nd un tip de HPV \u201ecu risc \u00eenalt\u201d (cele mai cunoscute sunt tipurile 16 \u0219i 18) persist\u0103 ani la r\u00e2nd \u0219i modific\u0103 treptat celulele colului.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cele dou\u0103 teste se completeaz\u0103. Testul Papanicolau arat\u0103 dac\u0103 celulele s-au modificat deja, iar testul HPV arat\u0103 dac\u0103 virusul este prezent, \u00eenc\u0103 dinainte s\u0103 apar\u0103 modific\u0103ri. Multe ghiduri recomand\u0103 ast\u0103zi testul HPV ca prim\u0103 etap\u0103 de screening dup\u0103 v\u00e2rsta de 30 de ani. Dac\u0103 testul HPV iese pozitiv, citologia (testul Papanicolau) verific\u0103 dac\u0103 au ap\u0103rut modific\u0103ri. C\u00e2nd ambele teste se fac \u00een acela\u0219i timp, vorbim de co-testare. La femeile tinere, infec\u021biile trec\u0103toare sunt foarte frecvente, a\u0219a c\u0103 de obicei se prefer\u0103 citologia.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/spitalul-universitar-de-urgenta-bucuresti-lanseaza-campania-dedicata-preveniriicancerului-de-col-uterin-alege-sa-previi-c\/\">Vaccinarea anti-HPV<\/a> reduce mult riscul de infec\u021bie cu tipurile periculoase, dar nu le acoper\u0103 pe toate, a\u0219a c\u0103 \u0219i femeile vaccinate au nevoie de controale periodice.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2t de des faci test Papanicolau, \u00een func\u021bie de v\u00e2rst\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recomand\u0103rile difer\u0103 u\u0219or \u00eentre \u021b\u0103ri \u0219i se actualizeaz\u0103 periodic, iar medicul le adapteaz\u0103 istoricului t\u0103u. \u00cen linii mari, pentru femeile cu risc obi\u0219nuit, arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>V\u00e2rst\u0103 sau situa\u021bie<\/th>\n<th>Recomandare general\u0103<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Sub 25 de ani<\/td>\n<td>De regul\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 screening de rutin\u0103 (unele ghiduri \u00eencep de la 21 de ani)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>25\u201329 de ani<\/td>\n<td>Test Papanicolau la circa 3 ani, dac\u0103 rezultatele sunt normale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>30\u201365 de ani<\/td>\n<td>Test HPV sau co-testare la 5 ani ori test Papanicolau la 3 ani, \u00een func\u021bie de \u021bar\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Peste 65 de ani<\/td>\n<td>Controalele se pot opri, la decizia medicului, dup\u0103 teste normale f\u0103cute regulat \u00een ultimii circa 10 ani, f\u0103r\u0103 leziuni precanceroase; altfel, continu\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dup\u0103 histerectomie (scoaterea uterului)<\/td>\n<td>Dac\u0103 s-a p\u0103strat colul, controalele continu\u0103; dac\u0103 nu, depinde de motivul opera\u021biei: dup\u0103 leziuni precanceroase sau cancer, continu\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, programul na\u021bional de screening se adreseaz\u0103 femeilor \u00eentre 25 \u0219i 64 de ani, iar testarea poate fi gratuit\u0103. Medicul de familie te poate \u00eendruma.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Screeningul este destinat femeilor f\u0103r\u0103 simptome. Nu a\u0219tepta urm\u0103torul control dac\u0103 observi:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>s\u00e2ngerare dup\u0103 contactul sexual, \u00eentre menstrua\u021bii sau dup\u0103 menopauz\u0103;<\/li>\n\n<li>secre\u021bii vaginale neobi\u0219nuite, cu s\u00e2nge sau cu miros nepl\u0103cut;<\/li>\n\n<li>durere pelvin\u0103 persistent\u0103 ori durere \u00een timpul contactului sexual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceste semne au adesea cauze benigne, dar trebuie evaluate de un medic.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Doare testul Papanicolau?<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De obicei, nu: e o presiune de scurt\u0103 durat\u0103. Dac\u0103 e\u0219ti emo\u021bionat\u0103, spune-i medicului; poate folosi un specul mai mic.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pot face testul \u00een timpul sarcinii?<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da. Recoltarea este sigur\u0103 \u00een sarcin\u0103 \u0219i nu afecteaz\u0103 copilul. Dac\u0103 nu ai un test recent, medicul \u021bi-l poate recomanda la primele controale prenatale.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dac\u0103 m-am vaccinat \u00eempotriva HPV, mai am nevoie de test?<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da. Vaccinul nu acoper\u0103 toate tipurile de HPV \u0219i nu elimin\u0103 o infec\u021bie existent\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Am un singur partener. Trebuie s\u0103 fac testul?<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da. HPV se poate transmite \u0219i \u00eentr-o rela\u021bie cu un singur partener sau o singur\u0103 partener\u0103, iar virusul poate persista ani la r\u00e2nd. Dac\u0103 nu ai avut niciodat\u0103 contact sexual, riscul este foarte mic; discut\u0103 cu medicul dac\u0103 testul are sens pentru tine.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Concluzie<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un test Papanicolau f\u0103cut la timp este o metod\u0103 simpl\u0103 de depistare precoce, iar cancerul de col poate fi prevenit \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 prin controale regulate. De cele mai multe ori, un rezultat anormal \u00eenseamn\u0103 doar o modificare care trebuie urm\u0103rit\u0103. Testarea HPV \u0219i vaccinarea completeaz\u0103 protec\u021bia.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Informa\u021biile de mai sus au rol educativ \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuiesc consultul medical. Dac\u0103 ai \u00eentreb\u0103ri despre rezultat, frecven\u021ba controalelor sau testarea HPV, discut\u0103 cu un medic specialist. Recoltarea se face \u00een cabinet, dar rezultatul \u0219i pa\u0219ii urm\u0103tori se pot discuta \u0219i la distan\u021b\u0103. Programeaz\u0103 o consulta\u021bie video la <a href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/ro\/medici\/obstetrica-ginecologie\">obstetric\u0103-ginecologie<\/a> pe Ringdoc, de oriunde te-ai afla, inclusiv din diaspora.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Testul Babe\u0219-Papanicolau poate depista din timp modific\u0103rile celulelor colului uterin, \u00eenainte s\u0103 devin\u0103 periculoase. Afl\u0103 cum te preg\u0103te\u0219ti, cum se interpreteaz\u0103 rezultatul, ce leg\u0103tur\u0103 are cu HPV \u0219i c\u00e2t de des trebuie repetat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":6730,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_keywordsynonyms":"[\"test Babe\u0219-Papanicolau\",\"cancer de col\",\"papilomavirus uman\",\"celule anormale\",\"depistare precoce\"]","_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":"[{\"keyword\":\"cancer cervical\",\"score\":61},{\"keyword\":\"virusul HPV\",\"score\":61},{\"keyword\":\"leziuni precanceroase\",\"score\":61},{\"keyword\":\"screening cervical\",\"score\":61}]","footnotes":""},"categories":[157],"tags":[260,43],"class_list":["post-6669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-obstetrica-ginecologie","tag-hpv","tag-preventie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - 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