{"id":6696,"date":"2026-11-07T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-07T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/?p=6696"},"modified":"2026-11-04T14:52:32","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T12:52:32","slug":"glaucom-simptome-cauze-presiune-oculara","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/glaucom-simptome-cauze-presiune-oculara\/","title":{"rendered":"Glaucom: simptome, cauze, tratament \u0219i presiunea ocular\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group ringdoc-article is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mul\u021bi oameni afl\u0103 c\u0103 au glaucom \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor, la un consult pentru ochelari de citit, dup\u0103 ce boala a evoluat \u00een t\u0103cere ani la r\u00e2nd. Cea mai frecvent\u0103 form\u0103 de glaucom nu doare, nu \u00eenro\u0219e\u0219te ochiul \u0219i nu tulbur\u0103 vederea la \u00eenceput, dar poate distruge treptat nervul optic. Vestea bun\u0103 este c\u0103 glaucomul, descoperit din timp, poate fi \u021binut sub control. Dac\u0103 ai trecut de 40 de ani, merit\u0103 s\u0103 \u0219tii ce este, cine are risc mai mare \u0219i ce presupune un control la oftalmolog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce este glaucomul \u0219i ce rol are presiunea din ochi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glaucomul este un grup de afec\u021biuni care deterioreaz\u0103 nervul optic, \u201ecablul\u201d care duce imaginile de la ochi la creier. Medicii \u00eel numesc \u0219i <strong>neuropatie optic\u0103 glaucomatoas\u0103<\/strong>. Fibrele nervoase distruse nu se refac, de aceea glaucomul este una dintre principalele cauze de orbire ireversibil\u0103 \u00een lume.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen ochi circul\u0103 permanent un lichid limpede, umoarea apoas\u0103, care se produce continuu \u0219i se elimin\u0103 printr-un sistem fin de scurgere aflat \u00een \u201eunghiul de drenaj\u201d, zona \u00een care corneea (partea transparent\u0103 din fa\u021b\u0103 a ochiului) se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te cu irisul (partea colorat\u0103). C\u00e2nd drenajul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 mai greu, lichidul se acumuleaz\u0103 \u0219i apare o <strong>presiune intraocular\u0103<\/strong> crescut\u0103, numit\u0103 popular \u201etensiune ocular\u0103\u201d. \u00cen timp, aceasta poate leza nervul optic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Valorile normale de presiune ocular\u0103 sunt, orientativ, \u00eentre 10 \u0219i 21 mmHg (milimetri coloan\u0103 de mercur). Rela\u021bia nu este \u00eens\u0103 simpl\u0103: unii oameni au presiune u\u0219or crescut\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 fac\u0103 boala, iar al\u021bii dezvolt\u0103 glaucom la valori normale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Tipul de glaucom<\/th>\n<th>Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103<\/th>\n<th>Cum se manifest\u0103<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody><tr>\n<td>Cu unghi deschis (cel mai frecvent)<\/td>\n<td>Lichidul se dreneaz\u0103 tot mai lent<\/td>\n<td>F\u0103r\u0103 durere; vederea lateral\u0103 scade lent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cu unghi \u00eenchis<\/td>\n<td>Irisul blocheaz\u0103 zona de drenaj<\/td>\n<td>Poate evolua lent sau poate debuta brusc, ca urgen\u021b\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cu presiune normal\u0103<\/td>\n<td>Nervul optic se deterioreaz\u0103 de\u0219i presiunea e normal\u0103<\/td>\n<td>F\u0103r\u0103 simptome la \u00eenceput<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Secundar<\/td>\n<td>Apare din cauza altor probleme: lovituri, inflama\u021bii, unele medicamente<\/td>\n<td>Depinde de cauz\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simptome de glaucom: de ce boala poate trece neobservat\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen forma cea mai frecvent\u0103, prima afectat\u0103 este vederea lateral\u0103, numit\u0103 \u0219i vedere periferic\u0103: ceea ce vezi \u201ecu coada ochiului\u201d. Pierderea este foarte lent\u0103, creierul completeaz\u0103 golurile din imagine, iar ochiul mai pu\u021bin afectat \u00eel compenseaz\u0103 pe cel\u0103lalt. Vederea central\u0103, cu care cite\u0219ti sau te ui\u021bi la televizor, r\u0103m\u00e2ne bun\u0103 mult timp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De aceea, mul\u021bi observ\u0103 problema abia c\u00e2nd c\u00e2mpul vizual s-a \u00eengustat mult: au senza\u021bia c\u0103 privesc \u201eprintr-un tub\u201d, se lovesc de tocul u\u0219ii sau nu v\u0103d ma\u0219inile care vin din lateral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2nd glaucomul devine urgen\u021b\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glaucomul acut cu unghi \u00eenchis se manifest\u0103 diferit, prin cre\u0219terea brusc\u0103 a presiunii. Semnele de alarm\u0103 sunt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>durere puternic\u0103 la un ochi, adesea cu durere de cap;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>ochi ro\u0219u \u0219i vedere \u00eence\u021bo\u0219at\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>cercuri colorate (halouri) \u00een jurul luminilor;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>grea\u021b\u0103 sau v\u0103rs\u0103turi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie, mergi imediat la o urgen\u021b\u0103 oftalmologic\u0103 sau la cel mai apropiat spital cu urgen\u021be ori sun\u0103 la 112, pentru c\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rzierea poate duce la pierderea vederii. Un ochi ro\u0219u \u0219i dureros nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna <a href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/conjunctivita-simptome-cauze-tratament-si-preventie\/\">conjunctivit\u0103<\/a>, mai ales c\u00e2nd vederea scade brusc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cauze \u0219i factori de risc pentru glaucom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oricine poate face glaucom, dar riscul cre\u0219te odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta, mai ales dup\u0103 40 de ani. Merit\u0103 o aten\u021bie sporit\u0103 dac\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ai rude apropiate cu glaucom<\/strong> (p\u0103rin\u021bi, fra\u021bi), unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi factori de risc;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u021bi s-a depistat anterior presiune crescut\u0103 \u00een ochi;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>ai miopie mare sau hipermetropie (aceasta din urm\u0103 e asociat\u0103 mai ales cu forma cu unghi \u00eenchis);<\/li>\n\n\n<li>ai diabet (cel mai des, <a href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/diabetul-de-tip-2-simptome-cauze-si-tratament\/\">diabet de tip 2<\/a>), mai ales dac\u0103 a afectat deja vasele mici de s\u00e2nge ale ochilor;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>folose\u0219ti corticosteroizi (preparate cu cortizon), \u00een special pic\u0103turi pentru ochi sau creme pe pleoape, dar \u0219i tablete ori spray-uri inhalatorii;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>ai suferit o lovitur\u0103 puternic\u0103 la ochi ori o opera\u021bie ocular\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n<li>ai origine african\u0103 (risc mai mare de glaucom cu unghi deschis) sau est-asiatic\u0103 (risc mai mare de glaucom cu unghi \u00eenchis);<\/li>\n\n\n<li>ai probleme de circula\u021bie: <a href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/hipertensiunea-arteriala-ce-este-cauze-simptome-si-tratament\/\">hipertensiunea arterial\u0103<\/a>, dar \u0219i tensiunea prea sc\u0103zut\u0103 pot influen\u021ba irigarea nervului optic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un factor de risc nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 vei face boala, ci c\u0103 ai nevoie de controale regulate. Nu \u00eentrerupe \u0219i nu modifica singur tratamentul cu cortizon sau pe cel pentru tensiune; discut\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2i cu medicul care \u021bi l-a prescris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce presupune controlul oftalmologic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glaucomul nu poate fi exclus printr-un simplu test de citire a literelor. Un control oftalmologic complet este practic nedureros \u0219i poate include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Investiga\u021bia<\/th>\n<th>Ce arat\u0103<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody><tr>\n<td>Tonometria<\/td>\n<td>M\u0103soar\u0103 presiunea din ochi, cu un jet de aer sau cu un aparat care atinge u\u0219or ochiul anesteziat cu pic\u0103turi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Examenul fundului de ochi<\/td>\n<td>Arat\u0103 direct aspectul nervului optic, adesea dup\u0103 dilatarea pupilei<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Testul de c\u00e2mp vizual (perimetria)<\/td>\n<td>Depisteaz\u0103 zonele \u201eoarbe\u201d din vederea lateral\u0103; ape\u0219i un buton c\u00e2nd observi o lumin\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OCT (tomografia \u00een coeren\u021b\u0103 optic\u0103)<\/td>\n<td>Scanare rapid\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 contact, care poate surprinde sub\u021bierea timpurie a fibrelor nervoase<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gonioscopia<\/td>\n<td>Verific\u0103, cu o lentil\u0103 pus\u0103 pe ochiul anesteziat cu pic\u0103turi, dac\u0103 unghiul de drenaj este deschis sau \u00eengust<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pahimetria<\/td>\n<td>M\u0103soar\u0103 grosimea corneei, care influen\u021beaz\u0103 interpretarea presiunii<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 \u021bi se dilat\u0103 pupilele, vederea poate r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eence\u021bo\u0219at\u0103 c\u00e2teva ore, a\u0219a c\u0103 e mai bine s\u0103 nu conduci dup\u0103 consult. \u00cen general, speciali\u0219tii recomand\u0103 un consult oftalmologic de baz\u0103 \u00een jurul v\u00e2rstei de 40 de ani, chiar dac\u0103 vezi bine, ori mai devreme dac\u0103 ai factori de risc. Controalele devin de regul\u0103 mai dese cu v\u00e2rsta, iar ritmul lor \u00eel stabile\u0219te oftalmologul, \u00een func\u021bie de rezultate \u0219i de situa\u021bia ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tratamentul: de ce conteaz\u0103 controlul presiunii oculare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Presiunea din ochi este principalul factor asupra c\u0103ruia tratamentul poate ac\u021biona. Sc\u0103derea ei poate \u00eencetini sau opri avansarea bolii, inclusiv \u00een glaucomul cu presiune normal\u0103. Vederea deja pierdut\u0103 nu se recupereaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103, de aceea diagnosticul precoce face diferen\u021ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen func\u021bie de tipul \u0219i stadiul bolii, oftalmologul poate recomanda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>pic\u0103turi pentru ochi<\/strong>, care reduc produc\u021bia de lichid sau \u00eei u\u0219ureaz\u0103 eliminarea, folosite de obicei zilnic \u0219i pe termen lung;<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>tratament cu laser<\/strong>, care \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te scurgerea lichidului sau, \u00een glaucomul cu unghi \u00eenchis, face un mic orificiu \u00een iris, uneori preventiv;<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>interven\u021bie chirurgical\u0103<\/strong>, c\u00e2nd celelalte metode nu sunt suficiente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O capcan\u0103 frecvent\u0103 este \u00eentreruperea tratamentului: pentru c\u0103 boala nu doare, pic\u0103turile sunt uitate sau abandonate. Dac\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi irit\u0103 ochii, nu renun\u021ba la ele: spune-i oftalmologului, care poate schimba tratamentul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spune-i fiec\u0103rui medic c\u0103 ai glaucom, iar oftalmologului, ce alte boli ai. Unele pic\u0103turi, de exemplu cele cu beta-blocante, pot \u00eencetini pulsul, pot agrava astmul ori BPOC (bronhopneumopatia obstructiv\u0103 cronic\u0103) \u0219i pot avea <a href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/resurse-medicale\/interactiuni-medicamentoase-frecvente-pe-care-nu-le-stiai\/\">interac\u021biuni medicamentoase<\/a> cu tratamente pentru inim\u0103. Dac\u0103 prospectul unui medicament (unele antialergice, decongestionante sau antidepresive) spune \u201econtraindicat \u00een glaucom\u201d, \u00eentreab\u0103 medicul sau farmacistul: avertismentul prive\u0219te mai ales forma cu unghi \u00eenchis. Mi\u0219carea regulat\u0103, renun\u021barea la fumat \u0219i controlul diabetului sau al tensiunii arteriale sus\u021bin s\u0103n\u0103tatea general\u0103, dar nu \u00eenlocuiesc tratamentul prescris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glaucomul se poate vindeca?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu se vindec\u0103 definitiv. Nervul optic afectat nu se reface, deci vederea pierdut\u0103 nu poate fi recuperat\u0103. Cu tratament urmat corect \u0219i controale regulate, evolu\u021bia poate fi \u00eens\u0103 \u00eencetinit\u0103 sau oprit\u0103, iar mul\u021bi pacien\u021bi \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 o vedere bun\u0103 toat\u0103 via\u021ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dac\u0103 v\u0103d bine, mai am nevoie de control?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da. \u00cen fazele timpurii, glaucomul nu afecteaz\u0103 claritatea vederii centrale, a\u0219a c\u0103 po\u021bi citi perfect \u0219i totu\u0219i s\u0103 ai nervul optic afectat. Doar examinarea la oftalmolog poate depista boala din timp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glaucomul este ereditar?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu se mo\u0219tene\u0219te obligatoriu, dar istoricul familial cre\u0219te semnificativ riscul. Dac\u0103 un p\u0103rinte sau un frate are glaucom, spune-i oftalmologului: s-ar putea s\u0103 ai nevoie de controale mai devreme sau mai frecvente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pot face controlul pentru glaucom online?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u0103surarea presiunii \u0219i examinarea nervului optic se fac doar la cabinet, cu aparatur\u0103 special\u0103. Printr-o consulta\u021bie video pe <a href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/app\">Ringdoc<\/a> po\u021bi discuta \u00eens\u0103 cu un medic despre factorii t\u0103i de risc, despre boli asociate precum diabetul sau hipertensiunea \u0219i despre medicamentele pe care le iei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Concluzie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glaucomul este o boal\u0103 t\u0103cut\u0103, dar nu imprevizibil\u0103. Dup\u0103 40 de ani, consultul oftalmologic periodic, controlul presiunii oculare \u0219i tratamentul urmat cu consecven\u021b\u0103 pot face diferen\u021ba \u00eentre o vedere p\u0103strat\u0103 \u0219i o pierdere ireversibil\u0103. Dac\u0103 apar brusc durere ocular\u0103, ochi ro\u0219u \u0219i vedere \u00eence\u021bo\u0219at\u0103, mergi la urgen\u021be f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 a\u0219tep\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 ai factori de risc precum diabetul, hipertensiunea sau un istoric familial de glaucom, nu am\u00e2na controlul la medicul oftalmolog, singurul care poate pune diagnosticul \u0219i urm\u0103ri evolu\u021bia bolii. Pentru bolile asociate sau pentru \u00eentreb\u0103ri despre medicamentele compatibile cu glaucomul, programeaz\u0103 o consulta\u021bie video la <a href=\"https:\/\/ringdoc.ro\/ro\/medici\/medicina-de-familie\">medicin\u0103 de familie<\/a> pe Ringdoc.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Glaucomul poate afecta ireversibil nervul optic f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 dea semne la \u00eenceput. Afl\u0103 cine are risc crescut, ce simptome pot ap\u0103rea \u0219i de ce controlul presiunii oculare este esen\u021bial dup\u0103 40 de ani.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":6711,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_keywordsynonyms":"[\"neuropatie glaucomatoas\u0103\",\"tensiune ocular\u0103\",\"consult oftalmologic\",\"vedere periferic\u0103\",\"orbire\"]","_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":"[{\"keyword\":\"presiune ocular\u0103\",\"score\":61},{\"keyword\":\"control oftalmologic\",\"score\":67},{\"keyword\":\"c\u00e2mp vizual\",\"score\":61},{\"keyword\":\"pierderea vederii\",\"score\":61}]","footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[261,262,263,43],"class_list":["post-6696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-oftalmologie","tag-glaucom","tag-oftalmologie","tag-presiune-intraoculara","tag-preventie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - 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